Surgery in India


Infertility ( IVF ) Treatment / Assisted Reproduction in India

  • One of the world's leading destinations for IVF procedures
  • Success rate in excess of 50% for women in some age groups
  • International protocols. Safe procedures
  • Latest World class technology
  • IVF specialists of great skill and experience
  • Extremely low costs
  • Clear legal steps for surrogacy


The treatment procedures listed below represent ONLY A PARTIAL LIST of the infertility treatment procedures available at hospitals in
India.  We offer the full range of IVF procedures in India.  If you do not see the procedure that you need below, please contact us with your requirement and we will be happy to respond to you with a detailed medical opinion and a customised cost estimate.


IVF treatment in India:

In Vitro Fertilisation refers to the medical technique through which the female's egg cells are fertilised by male sperm outside of the body.  Hormones are used to control the female’s ovulatory process in order to ensure the generation of a sufficient number of eggs. The procedure is completed with the removal of the eggs from the ovary of the female and allowing the union of the egg and the sperm in a controlled fluid. Once the egg is fertilised, it is transferred to the female uterus. IVF treatment is preceded by a range of screening tests for both the male and the female.  Screening tests can be done in the patients' home country.  The female should arrive in India a day or two prior to commencement of her monthly cycle and will be required to stay in India for two to three weeks.  The male partner is required only for retrieval of the sperm, if he is otherwise normal from the fertility point of view.

 Some of the supplementary techniques and special procedures which are used for Assisted Reproduction in India are reviewed below.

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) in India:

Intrauterine Insemination in India is considered as a possible treatment option in those cases where the male partner has low sperm count or low motility, or suffers from problems like premature ejaculation.  It is also a good option where the female suffers from endometriosis. For this procedure to be successful, the fallopian tube (on at least one side) should be free of obstruction, along with a functional ovary on the same side.

During intrauterine insemination at IVF centres in India, infertility specialists would retrieve carefully selected and prepared sperm, and place these directly in the uterus. The sperm placement is done at the appropriate time after ultrasound tests confirm the presence of mature eggs.  Fertility drugs may also be used to increase the chances of conception.

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) in India:

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) in India is an infertility treatment procedure in which the male sperm is injected directly into the female egg.  This procedure is mainly used in those cases where the problem is one of male infertility.  Using micromanipulation tools and special equipment such as inverted microscopes, the embryologist studies available sperm cells and selects the most “healthy" sperm. An ICSI needle is used to pick up an individual sperm and place it in the cytoplasm, which is the inner side of the egg.  The success rate of fertilisation is approximately 80%.  The final success rate of the IVF procedure will depend upon other factors related to the pregnancy carrying ability of the female.

Intracytoplasmic Morphologically-Selected Sperm Injection (IMSI) in India:

Intracytoplasmic Morphologically-Selected Sperm Injection (IMSI) in India is a more advanced version of ICSI, in which the sperm of the male partner is carefully examined with the help of high-definition microscopes. From amongst many sperm cells, the specialist identifies those which have the best genetic characteristics.  It is these sperm cells which are injected into the eggs of the female partner to complete the IVF process.

The qualitative separation of high-quality sperm cells increases the chances of a successful IVF procedure. Preliminary studies in Italy have shown that the success rate is 50 per cent higher with IMSI than it is with ICSI.

Blastocyst Embryo Transfer (BET) in India:

The transfer of IVF embryos to the uterus usually takes place on day 2 or 3 following the retrieval of the egg. This is in keeping with the natural pregnancy cycle in which the embryo enters the uterine cavity about three or four days after ovulation happens.  In Blastocyst Embryo Transfer (BET) in India, the embryo is allowed to grow in the laboratory to the blastocyst stage.  A blastocyst is a 5-6 day old embryo which has a cystic cavity as well as a mass of inner cells which develops into a baby.  Implanting into the uterus at the blastocyst stage is far more successful than implanting at the embryo stage.  This is because many embryos will not progress to the blastocyst stage.  By deferring the implantation to the blastocyst stage, the success rate of the IVF procedure is increased significantly.

The disadvantage with Blastocyst Embryo Transfer (BET) is that fewer embryos will be available for transfer as blastocysts. Also the preservation of embryos for future IVF cycles is also compromised, since approximately 30 to 50% of embryos will not advance to the blastocyst stage.

ZIFT - Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer in India:

ZIFT - Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer in India is considered as a treatment option in those cases where:

a. Other methods of IVF treatment have been unsuccessful
b. The female has ovulation problems but has open fallopian tubes
c. The male has a low sperm count

ZIFT is an invasive procedure in which one to four fertilised eggs, called zygotes, are placed in the fallopian tubes through a laparoscopic procedure.  Ideally, one or more zygotes should move through the fallopian tube and lodge themselves in the uterus for growth into a baby. Multiple pregnancies occur in about 1/3 of ZIFT pregnancies.

Assisted Zona Hatching (AZH) In India

This is a microsurgical procedure which is used to improve the chances of conception, especially in the following situations:

  • females with high levels of FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone)
  • females older than 37 years
  • where the zona pellucida of the embryo is abnormally thick

During Assisted Zona Hatching (AZH) In India, suction pressure from a micropipette is used to hold the embryo in position while a fine glass needle is used to hatch an opening in the zona pellucida, a shell like covering around the embryo.  After the AZH, the embryo continues to be kept in the culture medium till it is time for the transfer to the uterus.  The hatching process increases the chances of the embryo implanting itself in the uterus, a major step towards conception

Gestational Surrogacy in India:

Gestation surrogacy is legally recognized in India.  Administrative and legal framework being fairly clear, many foreigners now have gestation surrogacy done in India.  Building on this demand, leading IVF centres as well as specialist Surrogacy Agencies in India have evolved a systematic process to assist foreigners with gestational  surrogacy in India.

Gestation surrogacy is the means by which a couple desiring to have their own biological child are assisted by an IVF centre in producing an embryo using sperm from the male partner and eggs from the female partner.  The biological parents of the embryo enter into a contract with a  female who agrees to have the embryo implanted into her uterus and to take the pregnancy forward till the baby is delivered  The female thus contracted merely serves as a carrier for the embryo with no biological connection whatsoever with the embryo. The biological parents of the embryo have full custody rights over the baby upon delivery and encounter no difficulty in returning to their home country with the baby.


The treatment procedures listed above represent ONLY A PARTIAL LIST of the infertility treatment procedures available at hospitals in India.  We offer the full range of IVF procedures in India.  If you do not see the procedure that you need above, please contact us with your requirement and we will be happy to respond to you with a detailed medical opinion and a customised cost estimate.








Quality Certification
of Hospitals

×

Total Knee Replacement Procedure in India
( Knee Arthroplasty)

What is a Total Knee Replacement?

A total knee replacement is a surgical procedure during which a degenerated knee joint is replaced using an artificial implant.  The knee joint primarily works as a hinge between the thighbone and the leg bone.  During a total knee replacement procedure, the lower end of the thighbone is cut away and replaced by a metal component. Similarly, the upper end of the leg bone is also cut away and replaced with a plastic implant that is mounted on a metallic stem.  If the kneecap is also diseased, a plastic component is placed under the surface of the kneecap.

About the knee joint

The knee is a complex hinge joint which comprises:

The knee joint functions normally when the movement of one bone across the other happens smoothly without any friction.  A healthy knee has a smooth cartilage surface on all three bones.  The cartilage has a cushioning effect when the bones are in motion.  The other surfaces of the knee are lined by a tissue called the synovial membrane which releases a lubricating fluid.  It is this fluid that completes the mechanism for smooth functioning of the knee joint.

What medical conditions cause knee pain and degeneration?

The primary cause of constant knee pain and malfunction of the knee joint is arthritis.

The most common forms of arthritis which affect the knee joint are the following:

Do I actually need a Total Knee Replacement?

You do not need a knee replacement if:

You will benefit from a knee replacement if:

Your surgeon will evaluate you to correlate your symptoms with x-ray images of your knee to confirm degeneration of the knee joint and to verify that you will benefit from knee replacement.

Why is the implant so important? How is the implant type selected?

The selection of the appropriate implant is a very important aspect of the total knee replacement process.  Your surgeon will consider the following while picking a specific implant: your age, level of activity, lifestyle, the specific anatomy of your knee and other medical conditions

What is the life of the implant?

Today, implants are available in a variety of designs and materials.  The life of an implant is approximately 10 to 15 years, although there are many patients whose implants have lasted more than 25 years.  Hospitals in India offer the latest in implants, including the Oxinium implant, which is constructed of oxidized zirconium metal, which provides smooth movement with extremely low wear and tear.

Preparing for your knee replacement procedure

During the period prior to your knee replacement, you will undergo:

How exactly is this procedure done?

Knee replacement surgeries can be performed either under:

The total duration of the surgery will be approximately 60 to 75 minutes.

During the surgery an incision, approximately 6 to 8 inches long, is made along the front of the knee.  The quadriceps muscles are detached from the kneecap, which is then moved aside to expose the junction of the thighbone and the leg bone.  The ends of the bones are then cut away to very precise measurements using special tools.  The anterior cruciate ligament as well as affected cartilage tissue is removed.  The posterior cruciate ligament may also need to be removed.  The implant is then placed and aligned with the joint and the bones, often with the assistance of computer navigation.  The implant can be either a press-fit implant or a cemented implant.

After the surgery

You will be moved to a recovery room after your surgery is completed.  Your vital signs and recovery from anaesthesia will be monitored for two to three hours, after which you may be allowed to return to your hospital room.

Your physiotherapist will teach you to exercise your lungs to clear it of congestion following surgery.  You will also be asked to gently move your feet to enhance blood circulation to your knee joint and avoid formation of blood clots.

Physiotherapy of the knee joint will commence a day or two after surgery with gentle movement and bending exercises.

Stitches will be removed 10 days after surgery after which you can fly back home.  The hospital will provide you with medical documentation for your airline so that a wheelchair is made available to you for movement within the airport in India and at the destination airport.  You will also receive a medical dossier providing full reports of the investigations performed on you, medical details about the surgery performed, details of the implant that was used, medications to be taken, physiotherapy protocol and the list of do's and don'ts to ensure that you get the best out of your total knee replacement.

What will be the duration of my stay in India?

In the normal course, the total duration of stay in India will be approximately 12 to 14 days, of which the first 5-7 days would be in hospital, followed by recuperation stay in a hotel or apartment.

Do's and don'ts after Total Knee Replacement

×

Total Hip Replacement Procedure in India ( Hip Arthroplasty)

What is a Total Hip Replacement?

A total hip replacement is a surgical procedure during which a degenerated hip joint is replaced using an artificial implant.  The hip joint primarily works as a junction between the hip and the thighbone, through a ball and socket arrangement.  During a total hip replacement procedure, the worn away cartilage and bone is removed and replaced with artificial implant components.

About the hip joint

The hip structure comprises of a ball and socket and is one of the largest joints in the body.  In this arrangement, the acetabulum constitutes the socket, while the upper end of the thighbone forms the ball.

A healthy hip has a smooth cartilage surface across the bone surface.  The cartilage has a cushioning effect when the bones are in motion.  The other bone surfaces of the hip are lined by a tissue called the synovial membrane which releases  a lubricating fluid.  It is this fluid that completes the mechanism for smooth functioning of the hip joint.  The ball and socket are held together by ligaments which also provide stability to the hip joint

What medical conditions cause hip pain and degeneration?

The primary cause of constant hip pain and malfunction of the hip joint is arthritis.

The most common forms of arthritis which affect the hip joint are the following:

Do I actually need a Total Hip Replacement?

Hip replacement is not necessary if:

Hip replacement is advisable if:

Your surgeon will evaluate you to correlate your symptoms with x-ray images of your hip to confirm degeneration of the hip joint and to verify that you will benefit from hip replacement.

How is the implant selected?

Selecting the right implant is important for a successful hip replacement surgery.  Some of the factors that will come into play while picking your implant will be the following: your age, lifestyle, nature of activity, the specific condition of your hip and other medical factors

What is the life of the implant?

Implants are available in a wide range of designs and materials of construction.  The average life of an implant is approximately 10 to 15 years. With progress in technology, there are many patients whose implants have lasted more than 25 years.  Hospitals in India offer the latest in implants, including the OXINIUM-on-XLPE implant, constructed of oxidized zirconium metal, which provides smooth movement with extremely low wear and tear.

Preparing for your hip replacement procedure

in preparation for your hip replacement, :

How exactly is the hip replacement procedure performed?

Hip replacement surgeries can be performed either under

The total duration of the surgery will be approximately two hours.

There are many approaches to hip surgery.  The incision can be made on the back, the front or the side of the hip depending on the nature of the problem and the technique favoured by your surgeon.

In a stepwise procedure, the surgeon first removes the damaged cartilage and bone.  The upper part of the thighbone is cut and the ball is removed.  A special tool called a reamer is used to work on the hip socket - the damaged cartilage and bone is removed to leave an even rounded surface which can receive the new implant. The other component of the implant, containing the ball is inserted into the hollow portion of the thighbone and is fixed firmly in place.  The implant material is made of natural alloy or ceramics.

After the surgery

You will be shifted from the operating theatre to a recovery room where your vitals will be monitored for a few hours.  Generally speaking, most patients will be shifted to the hospital room after this monitoring period.  A physiotherapist will visit you the day following surgery and commence gentle exercises.  An important exercise involves your lungs to clear it of post-surgery congestion.

Stitches placed during surgery will be removed 10 days later. You should be free to fly home to your country after this.

At the time of your discharge, the hospital will provide you with a folder containing records of all investigations and a discharge summary which will describe your condition on admission to the hospital, the course of investigations and treatment as well as the doctor's advice to you upon discharge.  In addition, you will receive dietary advice as well as prescriptions for medication to be taken after your discharge from hospital.

You will also be provided with the surgeon's certificate that you are fit to fly - a requirement with most international airlines.

What will be the duration of my stay in India?

The total duration of your stay in India would be approximately 2 weeks, including five to seven days in the hospital. If you wish to have a recuperative holiday after your surgery, we will be happy to assist you with your plans.

×

Hip Resurfacing Surgery in India

What is a Hip Resurfacing Procedure?

A total hip replacement is a surgical procedure during which a degenerated hip joint is resurfaced or reworked to receive an artificial implant.  The hip joint primarily works as a junction between the hip and the thighbone, through a ball and socket arrangement.  The hip resurfacing procedure is a relatively conservative procedure that preserves the ball (femoral head).  The surface of the femoral head is prepared to receive a metallic cap and this helps to protect the cartilage. A matching metallic cup is placed in the socket. During hip movement the cartilage in the hip joint is protected by the metal implants.

About the hip joint

The hip structure comprises of a ball and socket and is one of the largest joints in the body.  In this arrangement, the acetabulum constitutes the socket, while the upper end of the thighbone forms the ball.

A healthy hip has a smooth cartilage surface across the bone surface.  The cartilage has a cushioning effect when the bones are in motion.  The other bone surfaces of the hip are lined by a tissue called the synovial membrane which releases  a lubricating fluid.  It is this fluid that completes the mechanism for smooth functioning of the hip joint.  The ball and socket are held together by ligaments which also provide stability to the hip joint.

What medical conditions cause hip pain and degeneration?

The primary cause of constant hip pain and malfunction of the hip joint is arthritis.

The most common forms of arthritis which affect the hip joint are the following:

Do I actually need a major procedure like Hip Replacement or Hip Resurfacing?

Hip replacement or resurfacing is not necessary if:

Hip replacement or resurfacing is advisable if:

Your surgeon will evaluate you to correlate your symptoms with x-ray images of your hip to confirm degeneration of the hip joint and to verify that you will benefit from the surgery.

Is Hip Resurfacing a better option for me compared to Total Hip Replacement ?

Hip Resurfacing is a better option for you if:

Hip Resurfacing MAY not be for you if:

Advantages of hip resurfacing surgery

How is the implant type selected?

Selecting the right implant is important for a successful hip resurfacing surgery.  Some of the factors that will come into play while picking your implant will be the following: your age, lifestyle, nature of activity, the specific condition of your hip and other medical factors      

What is the life of the implant?

Implants are available in a wide range of designs and materials of construction.  The average life of an implant is approximately 10 to 15 years. With progress in technology, there are many patients whose implants have lasted more than 25 years.

Preparing for your Hip Resurfacing procedure

In preparation for your hip resurfacing:

How exactly is the hip resurfacing procedure performed?

Hip resurfacing surgeries can be performed either under:

The total duration of the surgery will be approximately two hours.

There are many approaches to hip resurfacing.  The incision can be made on the back, the front or the side of the hip depending on the nature of the problem and the technique favoured by your surgeon.

During standard hip replacement surgery, the surgeon would remove the entire ball of the ' ball and socket joint' of the hip.  In the case of hip resurfacing surgery, the ball would be left intact and a metal cap is placed around the cartilage section that has worn away.  The top of the femoral head is re-shaped so that its profile is closely matched to the underside of the cap of the implant. This metallic cap protects the cartilage from further deterioration. This approach leaves a large amount of bone which supports the metal cap. The other component of the implant is a metal cup that becomes the socket of the joint. This component surface is designed to allow natural bone growth extends into the component, does integrating it into the hip bone structure and providing stability to the joint.  The implant used in hip resurfacing surgery is much smaller than the implant used in hip replacement surgery.

After the surgery

You will be shifted from the operating theatre to a recovery room where your vitals will be monitored for a few hours.  Generally speaking, most patients will be shifted to the hospital room after this monitoring period.  A physiotherapist will visit you the day following surgery and commence gentle exercises.  An important exercise involves your lungs to clear it of post-surgery congestion.

Stitches placed during surgery will be removed 10 days later. You should be free to fly home to your country after this.

At the time of your discharge, the hospital will provide you with a folder containing records of all investigations and a discharge summary which will describe your condition on admission to the hospital, the course of investigations and treatment as well as the doctor's advice to you upon discharge.  In addition, you will receive dietary advice as well as prescriptions for medication to be taken after your discharge from hospital.

You will also be provided with the surgeon's certificate that you are fit to fly - a requirement with most international airlines.

What will be the duration of my stay in India?

The total duration of your stay in India would be approximately 2 weeks, including five to seven days in the hospital. If you wish to have a recuperative holiday after your surgery, we will be happy to assist you with your plans.