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What is it ?
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. In Acute myeloid leukaemia there is an overproduction of immature white blood cells. These cells crowd the bone marrow, preventing the production of normal blood cells. The body is thus unable to prevent or fight infection. Also, inadequate numbers of red cells and platelets are made by the marrow – this causes anaemia, and easy bleeding and bruising.
Acute myeloid leukaemia is not a single disease, it has eight different sub-types.
Who gets it ?
Acute myeloid leukaemia can occur at any age but is more common in adults over the age of 60 years. It occurs more frequently in males than in females.
How is it diagnosed?
Acute myeloid leukaemia is diagnosed by a full blood count (FBC) and a bone marrow bipsoy/examination.
How is it treated?
Treatment needs to begin soon after Acute myeloid leukaemia is diagnosed, as it progresses very quickly. The type of treatment used will depend on a number of factors including the sub-type of Acute myeloid leukaemia, the genetic make-up of the leukaemic cells, general health and age.
Chemotherapy is the main form of treatment for Acute myeloid leukaemia . A combination of drugs, including steroids, is given over a week or so. The first aim of treatment is to destroy leukaemic cells and induce a remission (which means that there is no evidence of cancer cells in the blood and bone marrow and blood counts are normal). Once remission is achieved, further treatment ( consolidation therapy) is needed to help destroy any residual disease, and to prevent leukaemia from coming back.
In some cases, a stem cell transplant ( Bone Marrow Transplant or BMT) may be advised.
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