CANCER TREATMENT IN INDIA

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CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML) CANCER TREATMENT IN INDIA !

What is it?

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. In Chronic myeloid leukaemia there is an overproduction of immature white blood cells. These cells crowd the bone marrow, preventing the production of normal blood cells. The body is thus unable to prevent or fight infection. Also, inadequate numbers of red cells and platelets are made by the marrow – this causes anaemia, and easy bleeding and bruising.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia usually develops gradually, during the early stages of disease, and progresses slowly over weeks or months. It has three phases: the chronic phase, the accelerated phase and the blast phase. These phases are distinguished by the number of blast cells (immature white cells) in the blood and bone marrow, and the severity of symptoms.

How is it diagnosed?

Chronic myeloid leukaemia is diagnosed by a full blood count (FBC) and a bone marrow biopsy/examination.

How is it treated?

Treatment will vary depending on the phase of disease, general health and age.

During the chronic phase, treatment is used to control Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and keep your blood counts within a normal range. This can involve chemotherapy, usually taken in tablet form at home.

In the accelerated phase, the disease starts to progress more quickly. Blood counts become more abnormal and symptoms develop. In the blast crisis phase, blood counts become very abnormal and the numbers of blast cells in the blood and bone marrow increase dramatically. The treatment of accelerated and blast phase Chronic myeloid leukaemia usually involves a more intensive approach. This includes a combination of chemotherapy, drugs given into a vein. You need to be admitted to hospital for this type of treatment. The aim of treatment during the advanced stages of Chronic myeloid leukaemia is to destroy the leukaemic cells and allow the bone marrow to function normally again, or to return the patient to the chronic phase of their disease.

Some people are diagnosed with an extremely high number of white cells in their blood. A process known as leukopheresis may be needed to remove these cells, which could otherwise cause problems in the body by clogging up small blood vessels. This process is similar to dialysis, where all your blood is passed through a special machine called a cell separator. This machine separates and collects the excess white cells and returns the rest of your blood to you. chemotherapy, is also used to reduce a high white cell count at diagnosis.

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